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Mordechai Vanunu ((ヘブライ語:מרדכי ואנונו); born 14 October 1954), also known as John Crossman,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Vanunu: Take my Citizenship - Inside Israel - News - Arutz Sheva )〕〔http://www.khaleejtimes.com/Displayarticle.asp?section=newsmakers&xfile=data/newsmakers/2004/April/newsmakers_April11.xml〕 is an Israeli former nuclear technician and peace activist〔 who, citing his opposition to weapons of mass destruction, revealed details of Israel's nuclear weapons program to the British press in 1986. He was subsequently lured to Italy by a Mossad agent, where he was drugged and abducted by Israeli intelligence agents.〔 He was transported to Israel and ultimately convicted in a trial that was held behind closed doors.〔 Vanunu spent 18 years in prison, including more than 11 in solitary confinement. Released from prison in 2004, he became subject to a broad array of restrictions on his speech and movement. Since then he has been arrested several times for violations of those restrictions, including giving various interviews to foreign journalists and attempting to leave Israel. He says he suffered "cruel and barbaric treatment" at the hands of Israeli authorities while imprisoned, and suggests that his treatment would have been different if he had not converted to Christianity from Judaism. In 2007, Vanunu was sentenced to six months in prison for violating terms of his parole. The sentence was considered unusual even by the prosecution who expected a suspended sentence. In response, Amnesty International issued a press release on 2 July 2007, stating that "The organisation considers Mordechai Vanunu to be a prisoner of conscience and calls for his immediate and unconditional release."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Israel: Israel: Mordechai Vanunu sentence clear violation of human rights )〕 In May 2010, Vanunu was arrested and sentenced to three months in jail on a charge that he met foreigners in violation of conditions of his 2004 release from jail. Vanunu has been characterized internationally as a whistleblower and by Israel as a traitor.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The meaning of Vanunu )〕〔〕 Daniel Ellsberg has referred to him as "the preeminent hero of the nuclear era". ==Early and educational life== Vanunu was born in Marrakesh, Morocco, to an Orthodox Jewish family. The family lived in the city's Mellah, or Jewish quarter. His father, Shlomo, ran a grocery store, and his mother, Mazal, was a housewife. Vanunu studied in an Alliance française school, and a Jewish religious elementary school, or cheder. In 1963, following a rise in anti-semitic sentiment in Morocco, Vanunu's father sold his business, and the family emigrated to Israel. Vanunu was eight years old at the time and had four brothers and sisters. Upon arrival in Israel, the family was sent by the Jewish Agency to Beersheba, which at that time was an impoverished desert town. During their first year in Israel, the family lived in a small wooden hut without electricity. Vanunu's father purchased a small grocery store in the town's market area, and the family moved into an apartment. Vanunu's father devoted his spare time to religious studies. He came to be regarded as a rabbi, and became well-respected in the market. Vanunu was sent to Yeshiva Technonit, a religious elementary school on the outskirts of town, which mixed religious and conventional studies.〔Hounam, pg. 31-32〕 When he completed 8th grade, his parents sent him yeshiva, but after three months, they pulled him out.〔 For high school, Vanunu attended Yeshivat Ohel Shlomo high school, a Bnei Akiva-run school, where he was an honor student. According to Vanunu, in 10th grade, he had a personal crisis which led to him deciding to leave Judaism. In an interview, he said that "already at this stage, I decided to cut myself off from the Jewish religion, but I didn't want to have a confrontation with my parents because I wanted to complete my studies". Vanunu finished high school with a partial matriculation. Vanunu's parents wanted him to attend a higher yeshiva; he agreed but left after a week. He then found a temporary job in the court archives. In October 1971, he was conscripted into the Israel Defense Forces. He tried to join the Israeli Air Force as a pilot, but after failing the entrance exam, was sent to the Combat Engineering Corps and became a sapper. After basic training, he completed a commanders' course and then a non-commissioned officers course, attaining the rank of Sergeant-Major. He was stationed on the Golan Heights and saw action during the 1973 Yom Kippur War. In 1974, he participated in the demolition of army installations in areas of the Golan that were to be handed back to Syria. Vanunu was offered a permanent job with the army as a career soldier, but declined the offer, and was honorably discharged in 1974. He then enrolled at Tel Aviv University and entered a pre-academic course, completing his matriculation. During this period, he worked in a variety of places, including in a bakery and retirement home. He entered university and studied physics. After failing two exams at the end of his first year and realizing that the full-time work he needed to pay for his education interfered with his studies, Vanunu dropped out and returned to his parents' home in Beersheba, and worked in a series of odd jobs.〔Leshem, Guy: ''"I Felt like a Stranger; I Was Alone"'' - Yediot Ahronot - 24 November 1999〕〔Thomas, Gordon: ''Gideon's Spies: The Secret History of the Mossad''〕〔Richelson, Jeffrey: ''Spying on the Bomb: American Nuclear Intelligence from Nazi Germany to Iran and North Korea'' (2007)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mordechai Vanunu」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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